Part One

Tiredness Topic

1. Do you often feel tired?

(1)核心词汇：fatigue n. 疲劳；persistent adj. 持续的；sedentary adj. 久坐的；adjustment n. 调整；energy n. 精力

(2)核心短语：run out of steam 筋疲力尽；burn the candle at both ends 过度消耗精力；a decent amount of rest 充足的休息；physical exhaustion 身体疲惫；mental drain 精神消耗

(3)常用句：I don't experience frequent tiredness as long as I arrange my daily schedule properly. / Prolonged overwork often leads to unexpected tiredness that's hard to shake off.

(4)答题思路：先直接给出是否经常感到疲惫的明确结论，接着说明自己日常的作息安排作为支撑，再补充偶尔出现疲惫状况的诱因，最后提及自己已经养成的调节状态的习惯。

(5)口语范文：To be honest, I don't often feel tired in my daily life. I've developed a regular routine that includes 7 to 8 hours of sleep every night and 30 minutes of morning exercise, which helps me keep my energy level stable. The only time I get worn out is when I have to meet a tight work deadline and burn the candle at both ends for a couple of days. Even then, a full night's sleep can always pull me back to my best state.
翻译：说实话，我日常生活里并不经常感到疲惫。我养成了规律的作息习惯，每晚睡7到8小时，还会做30分钟晨间锻炼，这让我的精力状态一直很稳定。我唯一会累的情况，就是要赶紧急的工作截止日期，连续两三天过度消耗自己的时候。就算是这种情况，一整晚的充足睡眠也总能让我恢复到最佳状态。

2. When would you feel tired?

(1)核心词汇：overload n. 超负荷；monotonous adj. 单调的；concentration n. 专注；commute n. 通勤；strain n. 压力

(2)核心短语：deep into the night 到深夜；stay focused 保持专注；a long stretch of time 很长一段时间；rush hour 高峰时段；mental overload 精神过载

(3)常用句：I usually start to feel tired after I've stayed concentrated on complex tasks for more than four hours straight. / The long daily commute during rush hour also makes me feel drained before I even get to the office.

(4)答题思路：先点明最容易感到疲惫的典型场景，分别从脑力劳动和体力消耗两个维度展开说明具体的触发条件，再补充情绪状态和环境因素也会带来疲惫感，最后对比不同状态下疲惫感的差异。

(5)口语范文：The most obvious moment I feel tired is after I spend a long stretch of time dealing with data analysis and report writing at work. Keeping my brain highly focused for over 4 hours straight will make my mind go blank a little bit, which is a clear sign of mental tiredness. Besides, taking a packed bus for an hour during rush hour after a whole day's work also wears me out a lot, because I can't even find a seat to relax my legs. Sometimes doing the same monotonous task repeatedly for hours will also make me feel unexpectedly exhausted.
翻译：我最明显的疲惫时刻，是在工作中花很长一段时间处理数据分析和报告撰写之后。让大脑连续4个小时以上保持高度专注，会让我的脑子出现一点空白，这就是精神疲惫的明确信号。除此之外，一整天工作结束后，在高峰时段挤一小时的公交车也会让我累得不行，因为我连个能放开腿休息的座位都找不到。有时候连续几小时反复做同一份单调的工作，也会让我出乎意料地疲惫。

3. What do you do when you feel tired?

(1)核心词汇：unwind v. 放松；meditation n. 冥想；refresh v. 恢复活力；snack n. 小零食；stretch v. 伸展

(2)核心短语：step away from the desk 离开书桌；take a short nap 小睡一会；light music 轻音乐；recharge my batteries 回血充电；walk around a bit 稍微走动一下

(3)常用句：When tiredness hits me, I will put down what I'm doing and walk around the office to get some fresh air. / A cup of warm milk and 10 minutes of soft music can always help me get rid of the tired feeling quickly.

(4)答题思路：先说明自己应对疲惫的第一反应动作，分场景描述在工作场合和居家时不同的缓解方式，再提自己偏爱的低成本放松小习惯，最后说明这些方法能达到的恢复效果。

(5)口语范文：As soon as I notice I'm feeling tired, I will step away from my desk immediately instead of forcing myself to keep working. If I'm in the office, I will walk to the window to look at the green trees outside for 5 minutes, or chat a little bit with my deskmate about some trivial funny stuff. When I'm at home, a 15-minute short nap on the sofa is my top choice to drive away tiredness. Sometimes I will also make a cup of sweet hot cocoa and play my favorite light piano music, which always makes me feel relaxed and refreshed right away.
翻译：我一察觉到自己累了，就会立刻离开书桌，不会强迫自己继续硬撑。如果我在办公室，我会走到窗边看5分钟外面的绿树，或者和同桌聊几句好玩的小事。在家的时候，在沙发上小睡15分钟是我赶走疲惫的首选。有时候我也会冲一杯甜甜的热可可，放我最喜欢的轻柔钢琴曲，这总能让我马上放松下来，恢复精神。

4. When you feel tired, do you still go out with your friends?

(1)核心词汇：prioritize v. 优先考虑；recharge v. 休整；hangout n. 聚会；energetic adj. 精力充沛的；adjust v. 调整

(2)核心短语：make an exception 破例；catch up with 叙旧；a low-key gathering 低调的聚会；save up energy 攒精力；turn down an invitation 婉拒邀请

(3)常用句：Normally I will choose to rest at home to recharge, but I will make exceptions for some long-planned friend gatherings. / I don't force myself to join outdoor activities when I'm extremely tired, because that would make me feel even worse.

(4)答题思路：先给出自己不会勉强赴约的总体原则，说明大多数情况下会优先选择居家休息的原因，再列举少数特殊场景下哪怕疲惫也会出门的情况，最后补充会和朋友协商调整聚会形式的折中做法。

(5)口语范文：Generally speaking, I won't go out with friends when I'm really tired, because I know if I drag my exhausted body to the gathering, I can't enjoy the fun of hanging out at all, and I might even bring down the mood of the whole group. But if my friend who works in another city comes to visit me only for one day, I will still meet them even if I feel a bit worn out. Most of the time, we will choose to have a quiet meal in a restaurant near my place instead of going to crowded scenic spots, which is a low-key way for us to catch up without making me too tired.
翻译：一般来说，我特别累的时候不会和朋友出门，因为我知道拖着疲惫的身体去聚会，我根本没法享受出门玩的乐趣，甚至可能扫了大家的兴。但如果我在外地工作的朋友专程来看我，只能待一天，哪怕我有点累我也还是会去见他们。大多数时候我们会选我家附近的餐馆安静吃顿饭，不去拥挤的景点，这种低调的叙旧方式既不会让我太累，也能让我们见上一面。

Rubbish and recycling Topic

1. What do you do when you see rubbish on the street?

(1)核心词汇：litter n. 垃圾；dispose v. 处理；trash can n. 垃圾桶；sanitation n. 环境卫生；voluntary adj. 自愿的

(2)核心短语：pick it up 捡起来；properly dispose of 妥善处理；public area 公共区域；maintain cleanliness 保持整洁；throw into the bin 扔进垃圾桶

(3)常用句：If the rubbish is not dirty or dangerous, I will pick it up and put it into the nearest trash can. / I won't just step over the rubbish on the street, because that will make the public environment look much messier.

(4)答题思路：先说明自己看到街头垃圾的第一反应动作，区分普通垃圾和有安全隐患的特殊垃圾的不同处理方式，再提及日常看到路人随意丢垃圾时的善意提醒习惯，最后补充自己对维护街区公共整洁的看法。

(5)口语范文：When I see small bits of rubbish like empty plastic bottles or used tissue on the street, I will bend down to pick them up and put them into the nearest classified trash can. But if the rubbish is something like broken glass or sharp medical waste, I won't touch it directly, instead, I will find the nearby sanitation worker and tell them about the hidden danger. I also sometimes remind little kids who are about to drop their ice cream wrappers on the road to hold the wrapper until they find a bin, hoping we can all keep the street clean together.
翻译：当我在街上看到空塑料瓶或者用过的纸巾这类小垃圾时，我会弯腰捡起来，丢到最近的分类垃圾桶里。但如果是碎玻璃或者尖锐的医疗垃圾这类垃圾，我不会直接碰它，而是会找到附近的环卫工人，告诉他们这里有安全隐患。我有时候也会提醒正要把冰淇淋包装纸扔在路上的小朋友，拿着包装纸找到垃圾桶再丢，希望我们能一起保持街道整洁。

2. How do you recycle things like paper and plastic?

(1)核心词汇：classification n. 分类；reusable adj. 可重复使用的；sort v. 分类；recycle bin n. 回收箱；eco-friendly adj. 环保的

(2)核心短语：separate from other waste 和其他垃圾分开；reuse plastic bags 重复使用塑料袋；waste paper collection box 废纸回收箱；make full use of 充分利用；household waste sorting 生活垃圾分类

(3)常用句：At home, I flatten all the used cardboard boxes and stack them together before putting them into the recycling bin. / I will clean the empty plastic bottles first to remove the leftover residue, and then put them into the special plastic recycling area.

(4)答题思路：先说明自己在家中对废纸和塑料的前置分类习惯，分别描述两类物品的具体处理细节，再提到日常重复利用可回收物品的小技巧，最后补充小区配套的回收设施带来的便利。

(5)口语范文：I have a dedicated small box at home to collect all used paper, like old notebooks, printed draft papers and leftover cardboard packages. I will smooth out the crumpled paper and make sure there's no food stain on it before putting the whole box of paper into the community's waste paper recycling bin. For plastic items, I will wash off the leftover liquid or food inside empty plastic bottles first, then flatten them to save space. I also keep using clean plastic shopping bags several times instead of throwing them away after one use, which is my little way to help with recycling and reduce waste.
翻译：我家里有一个专门的小箱子，用来收集所有用过的纸，比如旧笔记本、打印过的草稿纸和剩下的硬纸壳包装。我会把皱巴巴的纸铺平，确认上面没有食物污渍，再把一整箱纸倒进小区的废纸回收箱里。对于塑料类物品，我会先把空塑料瓶里残留的液体或者食物洗干净，再把它们捏扁节省空间。我也会把干净的塑料购物袋重复用好几次，不会用一次就扔掉，这是我参与回收、减少浪费的小方式。

Part Two

Describe a time when you saved money to buy something special

You should say:

What the special thing was

Why you wanted to buy it

How you saved money for it

And explain how you felt after buying it

核心词汇

1.Treasured  adj. 珍贵的，珍视的

2.Handcrafted  adj. 手工制作的

3.Meticulous  adj. 一丝不苟的，精心的

4.Sacrifice  n. 牺牲，付出

5.Perseverance  n. 毅力，坚持

6.Surpass  v. 超越，胜过

7.Cherish  v. 珍惜，珍视

8.Routine  n. 日常惯例

9.Fulfillment  n. 满足感，成就感

10.Tangible  adj. 切实的，有形的

核心短语

1.Long for渴望，向往

2.Cut down on unnecessary expenses削减非必要开支

3.Stick to a tight budget严格遵守预算

4.Count every penny精打细算

5.Pay off in the end最终得到回报

6.A labour of love心血之作

7.Worth every single penny物超所值

8.A sense of achievement成就感

9.Go the extra mile加倍努力

10.Hold a special place in one's heart在某人心中占据特殊位置

常用句

1.I had been longing for that item for almost a full year before I finally decided to save up for it.我向往那件东西差不多一整年，最后才下定决心存钱买下它。

2.To reach my savings goal, I cut down on all the impulse buys that used to take up a big part of my pocket money.为了达成存钱目标，我砍掉了所有过去占我零花钱大头的冲动消费。

3.I stuck to a strict daily budget for nearly six months, and even took on a part-time weekend job to speed up the process.我将近六个月都严格遵守每日预算，甚至找了一份周末兼职来加快存钱进度。

4.The moment I finally held that special item in my hands, all the efforts I had put in felt completely worthwhile.当我终于把那件特别的东西捧在手里的那一刻，我付出的所有努力都显得无比值得。

5.What made the experience even more memorable was not just the product itself, but the perseverance I developed through the whole process.让这段经历格外难忘的不只是物品本身，还有我在整个过程中培养出的毅力。

答题思路

1.开篇引入：直接点明存钱购买的特殊物品是什么，给出清晰的核心场景，快速切入话题。

2.说明购买动机：讲述自己和这件物品的渊源，比如偶然邂逅的经历、物品背后承载的个人情怀，解释为什么它对你而言是独一无二、值得投入精力去购买的特殊存在。

3.阐述存钱过程：详细列举你为存钱做出的具体调整，比如削减日常非必要开支、制定严格的储蓄计划、额外通过兼职增加收入，把抽象的“省钱”转化为具体可感的行动细节，让内容更真实生动。

4.分享购后感受：不仅描述拿到物品时的喜悦，更要延伸到过程带来的额外收获，比如对金钱价值的新认知、通过坚持实现目标的成就感，升华整个经历的意义，回应话题的情感落点。

口语范文

I still vividly recall the time I saved up for a handcrafted wooden fountain pen, which I saw at a small local craft fair two years ago. Unlike the mass-produced pens I had used before, every curve of that pen was polished by the craftsman with meticulous care, and there was a tiny hand-engraved maple leaf on its barrel that immediately caught my eye.

 

I had been obsessed with traditional handwriting and journaling for years, and I always wanted a tool that could match the warmth I felt when I put my thoughts down on paper. Ordinary pens from stationery shops felt too impersonal to me, but this handcrafted piece was exactly what I had been longing for. It was priced at 300 yuan, which was far more than the spare pocket money I had each month back then, so I knew I had to make a deliberate plan to save for it.

 

To reach my goal, I started to cut down on all unnecessary expenses right away. I skipped the bubble milk tea I used to buy three times a week, stopped ordering takeout for lunch and brought home-cooked meals to the office instead. I also took a part-time job helping a primary school student with English tutoring every Saturday, which added an extra 80 yuan to my savings each week. For nearly five months, I counted every penny I spent and stuck to a tight budget, never letting myself slip back into old spending habits.

 

When I finally walked to the craft shop and paid for the pen with the stack of change I had saved, the feeling I had was far more exciting than any moment I had buying things on impulse. That fountain pen has been with me for two years now, and every time I write with it, I can still remember the perseverance I built during those months. It is not just a writing tool for me; it is a reminder that every small, consistent effort will pay off in the end, and the things we earn through our own sacrifice always hold a far more special place in our heart. It is absolutely worth every single penny, and the whole experience gave me a lasting sense of fulfillment that I will never forget.

范文翻译

我还清晰地记得两年前，我为一支手工木制钢笔存钱的经历，那支笔是我在当地一个小众手作市集上看到的。和我过去用过的量产钢笔不同，这支笔的每一道弧度都由手艺人精心打磨，笔杆上还刻着一枚小小的手工枫叶纹路，一下就吸引了我的目光。

 

多年来我一直痴迷于传统手写和写日记，一直想要一件能配得上我把思绪落在纸上时那种温热感的书写工具。文具店里的普通钢笔对我来说太没有温度了，而这支手作笔恰恰是我向往已久的东西。它的售价是300元，远远超过我当时每个月能拿到的零花零钱，所以我知道必须制定一个周全的计划来存钱。

 

为了实现目标，我立刻开始削减所有非必要开支。我不再像过去那样每周买三杯珍珠奶茶，午餐也不再点外卖，而是自己带家里做的饭去上班。我还找了一份兼职，每周六帮一个小学生辅导英语，这样每周能多存下80元。在将近五个月的时间里，我花每一分钱都精打细算，严格遵守预算，从来不让自己重回过去乱花钱的习惯。

 

当我终于走到那家手作小店，用攒下的一沓零钱付了款时，那种心情比我任何一次冲动消费都要激动得多。那支钢笔已经陪伴我两年了，每次用它写字的时候，我还能想起那几个月里磨炼出的毅力。对我来说它不只是一个书写工具，它提醒着我每一份持续的小努力最终都会得到回报，那些我们通过自己的付出换来的东西，永远会在我们心中占据更特殊的位置。它完全物超所值，整个经历也给了我一份永远难忘的、持久的成就感。

Part Three

一、Should schools teach children how to manage money from a young age?

（一）核心词汇

1.financial literacyn. 金融素养

2.money managementn. 理财

3.impulsive spendingn. 冲动消费

4.budgetingn. 预算规划

5.long-term habitn. 长期习惯

（二）核心短语

1.lay a solid foundation 打下坚实基础

2.avoid bad financial habits 避免不良理财习惯

3.fit into the core curriculum 纳入核心课程

4.form healthy spending habits 养成健康消费习惯

（三）常用句

1.Absolutely, this kind of practical life skill should be taught in school from an early age.

2.Learning money management at a young age helps children build good habits that benefit them for the rest of their life.

3.Without basic financial education, many young people grow up not knowing how to budget, which leads to overspending and debt.

（四）答题思路

1. 给出明确肯定回答：学校应当从小教授理财技能

2. 说明理由：早期培养的习惯会伴随一生，能帮助孩子避免冲动消费、债务等问题

3. 补充：这是实用性的生活技能，学校教育不应该只覆盖学术内容，也需要包含生活能力培养

（五）范文

Definitely yes, I believe money management is such a crucial life skill that schools should start teaching it when children are young. Building financial literacy from an early age lays a solid foundation for healthy financial habits in adulthood, and it’s much harder to correct bad habits later than to build good ones from the start. If children don’t learn how to budget and value money at school, many of them will end up falling into the trap of impulsive spending or even getting into heavy debt when they start earning their own money. It’s not like this takes up too much teaching time either — even 30 minutes of simple, age-appropriate lessons a month would make a huge difference to children’s long-term financial well-being.

翻译：我当然赞同，理财是一项非常重要的生活技能，学校应当在孩子还小的时候就开始教授。从小培养金融素养能为成年后的健康理财习惯打下坚实基础，而且从一开始就养成好习惯，远比之后纠正坏习惯容易得多。如果孩子不在学校学习如何做预算、重视金钱，很多人在开始自己赚钱后，会落入冲动消费的陷阱，甚至背负巨额债务。而且这也不会占用太多教学时间——哪怕每月只上30分钟适合年龄的简单课程，对孩子长期的财务健康也会产生巨大影响。

二、Should parents teach their children to spend money freely or to save money?

（一）核心词汇

1.balancen. 平衡

2.compulsive savingn. 强迫储蓄

3.financial stressn. 财务压力

4.disposable incomen. 可支配收入

5.moderationn. 适度

（二）核心短语

1.strike a right balance 找到恰当的平衡

2.meet unexpected expenses 应对突发开支

3.enjoy the present 享受当下

4.understand the value of money 理解金钱的价值

（三）常用句

I don’t think it’s an either-or question — parents should teach children to do both.

Saving is essential for dealing with emergencies and future big purchases, but unreasonable frugality can also make people miss out on life experiences.

It’s important for children to learn how to allocate their pocket money properly instead of leaning to one extreme.

（四）答题思路

1. 说明这不是非此即彼的问题，父母应当教孩子平衡两种观念

2. 说明储蓄的必要性：应对紧急情况、为未来的大额目标做准备

3. 说明合理消费的意义：享受当下，获得必要的体验与满足，过度节俭反而带来不必要的压力

4. 总结：核心是教孩子合理分配，而不是只强调某一端

（五）范文

Well, I think it’s a mistake to force children into only one of these approaches, because both free spending and unreasonable saving are bad habits. Instead, parents should teach kids to strike a healthy balance between the two. On one hand, learning to save is absolutely necessary — children need to understand that money doesn’t come out of nowhere, and saving gives them a safety net for unexpected expenses or big goals they want to achieve in the future, like going to college or buying their first car. On the other hand, if parents only force kids to save and never let them spend money on things they enjoy, kids might grow up with constant financial anxiety, and even miss out on valuable experiences that money can buy. So the best lesson is to teach children to allocate their pocket money: set aside a portion for saving, and leave the rest to spend on the things they love.

翻译：我认为强迫孩子只选其中一种方式是错误的，因为无限制消费和不合理储蓄都是坏习惯。相反，父母应该教孩子在两者之间找到健康的平衡。一方面，学会储蓄绝对必要——孩子需要明白钱不是凭空来的，储蓄能为他们应对意外开支，或是未来想要实现的大目标（比如上大学、买第一辆车）提供保障。另一方面，如果父母只强迫孩子储蓄，不让他们把钱花在自己喜欢的事情上，孩子长大后可能会一直有财务焦虑，甚至错过钱能买到的宝贵体验。所以最好的教育是教孩子分配零花钱：留出一部分储蓄，剩下的部分用来买自己喜欢的东西。

三、Do you think it is easier to teach teenagers how to manage money when they are around 16 or 17 years old?

（一）核心词汇

1.abstract thinkingn. 抽象思维

2.cognitive developmentn. 认知发展

3.allowancen. 零花钱

4.independent decisionn. 独立决策

5.hands-on experiencen. 实操经验

（二）核心短语

1.on the verge of adulthood 即将成年

2.grasp complex concepts 理解复杂概念

3.learn from trial and error 在试错中学习

4.relatable real-life practice 贴近生活的实践

（三）常用句

1.Yes, I think 16 or 17 is a perfect age to teach money management because teenagers at this stage are cognitively ready for it.

2.They are about to go to university or start working, so they can see why money management matters in their near future.

3.Younger children may not understand more complex financial ideas, so teaching at 16 is far more efficient.

（四）答题思路

1. 给出肯定回答：16-17岁确实更容易教授理财

2. 认知层面：这个年龄的孩子认知发展更成熟，能理解预算、利息等相对复杂的概念

3. 场景层面：这个年龄即将成年，很快就要独立管理财务，学习动力更强，也能直接在真实场景练习

4. 补充：年龄更小的孩子只能理解最基础的概念，很难深入学习，所以16-17岁效率更高

（五）范文

Absolutely, I would say 16 or 17 is the easiest age to teach teenagers proper money management, for two main reasons. First, by this age, teenagers’ cognitive development has reached the point where they can grasp more complex financial concepts, like interest rates, credit scores or long-term budgeting, which are too abstract for younger children to understand. Second, 16 to 17-year-olds are just on the verge of adulthood: most of them will go to university or start full-time work in one or two years, so they will actually need to manage their own money very soon. That means they are far more motivated to learn, and they can get hands-on experience by managing their own allowance or part-time salary right away, so they can learn from small mistakes before they have to deal with real big financial responsibilities. That makes teaching much easier than trying to explain these ideas to kids who don’t need to use them yet.

翻译：毫无疑问，我认为16或17岁是教青少年理财的最佳年龄，主要有两个原因。首先，到这个年纪，青少年的认知发展已经能够理解更复杂的金融概念，比如利率、信用分数、长期预算，这些对年纪更小的孩子来说太抽象了，很难理解。其次，16到17岁的孩子正好即将成年：大多数人会在一两年内上大学或者开始全职工作，所以他们很快就真的需要自己管理财务了。这意味着他们的学习动力强得多，还可以直接通过管理自己的零花钱或是兼职工资获得实操经验，因此他们可以在需要承担大额财务责任之前，从小错误中学习。比起给还不需要用到这些知识的孩子讲解这些概念，这个阶段教学要容易得多。

四、Is it easier to spend money or save money?

（一）核心词汇

1.instant gratificationn. 即时满足

2.delayed rewardn. 延迟回报

3.consumerismn. 消费主义

4.temptationn. 诱惑

5.disciplinen. 自制力

（二）核心短语

1.one-click purchase 一键下单

2.constant exposure to advertising 持续接触广告

3.resist immediate temptation 抵抗即时诱惑

4.require willpower and self-control 需要意志力和自控力

（三）常用句

1.It’s obviously way easier to spend money than to save it in today’s world.

2.Our whole consumer culture is designed to encourage people to spend as much as possible, with endless temptations everywhere.

3.Saving means giving up instant pleasure for a future goal, which requires a lot of self-discipline that most people struggle with.

（四）答题思路

1. 明确回答：消费远比储蓄容易

2. 从人性角度：人天生追求即时满足，储蓄需要放弃当下的快乐换未来的收益，违背本能，需要自制力

3. 从环境角度：现代社会到处都是消费诱惑，网购一键就能下单，广告不断刺激人们消费，很容易就花超了

4. 补充：对很多低收入群体来说，大部分收入都要用来应付日常开支，根本没有多余的钱可以储蓄，这也让储蓄更难

（五）范文

In my opinion, there’s no question that it’s far easier to spend money than to save it, especially in the modern world. First of all, human beings are naturally drawn to instant gratification — when you spend money, you get a product or an experience that makes you happy right away, while saving means you have to give up that immediate pleasure for a reward that you won’t get until years later. That requires a lot of self-discipline, which most people find really hard to stick to. On top of that, the whole environment we live in is designed to push us to spend: we’re surrounded by targeted advertising everywhere we go online, online shopping lets you make a one-click purchase in seconds, and social media is full of content that encourages people to buy more to keep up with others. And for many people on lower incomes, even if they want to save, most of their salary goes to covering basic living costs like rent and food, so there’s simply nothing left to put aside. That makes saving even harder than spending.

翻译：在我看来，毫无疑问，消费远比储蓄容易，尤其是在现代社会。首先，人类天生就偏向即时满足——当你花钱的时候，你立刻就能得到让你开心的产品或是体验，而储蓄意味着你要放弃当下的快乐，换取多年后才能得到的回报。这需要很强的自制力，大多数人都很难坚持。除此之外，我们生活的整个环境都在推动我们消费：我们上网走到哪里都有定向广告，网购让你几秒钟就能一键下单，社交媒体上到处都是鼓励人们多消费、跟上他人脚步的内容。而且对很多低收入人群来说，就算他们想要储蓄，大部分工资也都用来支付房租、食物等基本生活成本，根本没有余钱能存下来。这就让储蓄比消费难更多了。

五、What kind of things do people usually save money for?

（一）核心词汇

1.emergency fundn. 应急基金

2.propertyn. 房产

3.retirementn. 退休

4.down paymentn. 首付

5.life eventn. 人生大事

（二）核心短语

1.cover unexpected emergencies 应对突发紧急情况

2.big-ticket purchases 大额商品采购

3.long-term life goals 长期人生目标

4.financial security in old age 老年财务保障

（三）常用句

1.I think people save money for two main types of reasons: for emergencies and for big planned life goals.

2.The first and most common reason is to build an emergency fund for unexpected problems, like medical bills or sudden job loss.

3.The other big category is saving up for large purchases or major life events that they can’t pay for with their regular monthly income.

（四）答题思路

1. 分类说明：通常分为两类，一类是应对突发情况，一类是为计划内的大额目标储蓄

2. 第一类：应急储蓄，用来应对失业、大病、家庭设备故障等突发开支，避免陷入债务

3. 第二类：计划内的大额目标，常见的包括买房首付、买车、孩子教育、退休养老、旅行等

4. 补充：不同年龄段储蓄的重点不同，年轻人偏向买房结婚，中年人偏向孩子教育和养老

（五）范文

From what I’ve seen, most people save money for two broad categories of things: unexpected emergencies and planned major life goals. The first and most basic is an emergency fund — everyone knows life can throw unexpected problems at you: you might suddenly lose your job, need an expensive medical treatment, or have to pay for major repairs to your house or car. Having savings set aside for these situations stops people from falling into high-interest debt when something goes wrong, so that’s a common reason everyone saves. The second big category is big-ticket planned purchases and life events. Most big costs are way too large to cover with one month’s salary: people save for years for a down payment on an apartment, a new car, their child’s college education, or their dream wedding. And as people get older, they also start saving more and more for retirement, to make sure they have enough financial security to live comfortably when they stop working. So the specific goal changes a bit by age, but those are the most common reasons.

翻译：在我看来，大多数人存钱主要是为两类事情：突发紧急情况，以及计划内的人生大事。第一个也是最基础的原因就是应急基金——所有人都知道生活随时会出现意外：你可能突然失业，需要支付昂贵的治疗费，或是要出钱维修房子或汽车。留出储蓄应对这些情况，可以避免出问题时人们陷入高息债务，所以这是所有人存钱的共同原因。第二大类是计划内的大额采购和人生大事。大多数大额支出都远不是一个月的工资能覆盖的：人们会存好几年钱，攒房子的首付、新车、孩子的大学学费，或是梦想中的婚礼。而随着人们年龄增长，他们也会为退休存更多钱，确保停止工作后有足够的财务保障，能舒适生活。所以具体的目标会随年龄变化，但以上就是最常见的原因。

六、Should people spend time on charity, or just money?

（一）核心词汇

1.volunteeringn. 志愿活动

2.non-profit organizationn. 非营利组织

3.marginalized groupn. 边缘化群体

4.direct impactn. 直接影响

5.donationn. 捐赠

（二）核心短语

1.complement each other 互为补充

2.cut operational costs 降低运营成本

3.personal connection 建立个人联结

4.make a tangible difference 带来切实的改变

（三）常用句

1.I don’t think it’s an either-or choice — both time and money are really valuable for charity work.

2.Money can help charities cover their costs and help more people, but volunteering time can bring direct benefits that money can’t buy.

3.People with different abilities can contribute in different ways: if you have extra money, donating is great, and if you have free time, giving your time is just as useful.

（四）答题思路

1. 说明二者不是二选一的关系，慈善既需要钱也需要人们投入时间，两者都重要

2. 说明钱的作用：慈善机构需要资金开展项目、帮助有需要的人，资金是基础

3. 说明投入时间的作用：志愿者能帮助机构降低运营成本，还能给受助者提供直接的帮助和情感支持，这是钱买不到的

4. 总结：人们可以根据自身情况选择，能捐钱就捐钱，能出时间就出时间，二者都对慈善有价值

（五）范文

To me, this is definitely not a question of choosing one over the other — both giving money and giving time are extremely valuable to charity, and they complement each other really well. It’s true that money is the foundation of almost all charity work: non-profit organisations need money to run their projects, buy supplies, and help people who are in need of financial support. Without donations, most charities simply can’t operate. But that doesn’t mean time isn’t just as important. Volunteering your time doesn’t just cut down the operational costs for charities — it also creates a direct personal connection between the helper and the people who need help. For example, when you volunteer to tutor kids from low-income families, or spend time keeping lonely elderly people company, that kind of personal care and attention can’t be replaced by just donating money. Of course, people have different circumstances: if you’re a busy professional with extra income, donating money is a great way to contribute. If you have more free time, giving your time can be just as impactful. The best outcome is when people give whatever they can, whether that’s money or time.

翻译：对我来说，这绝对不是二选一的问题——捐钱和投入时间对慈善来说都非常有价值，而且二者能很好地互补。没错，钱几乎是所有慈善工作的基础：非营利组织需要钱来运营项目、购买物资、帮助需要经济支持的人。没有捐款，大多数慈善机构根本没法运营。但这不意味着时间就没那么重要。投入时间做志愿，不仅能帮慈善机构降低运营成本，还能在帮助者和需要帮助的人之间建立直接的个人联结。比如，当你志愿给低收入家庭的孩子补课，或是花时间陪伴孤独的老人，这种个人关怀和关注，不是只捐钱就能替代的。当然，人们情况不同：如果你是工作繁忙、收入有余的职场人，捐款就是很好的贡献方式。如果你有更多空闲时间，投入时间的影响力也一样大。最好的结果就是人们尽己所能付出，不论是钱还是时间，都有价值。