雅思13 Test1 Section4必背词汇/词汇拓展/疑难解析
雅思13 Test1 Section4必背词汇/词汇拓展/疑难解析
必背词汇
evolutionary
adj.进化的
represent
v代表，表现
upheaval
n.突变，巨变
massive
adj.巨大的，庞大的
adapt
v适应
adaptable
adj.适应的
pigeon
n.鸽子
perch
v.栖息，停留
ledge
n.窗台；房檐的凸起处
immigrant
n.移民；移居者
adaptation
n.适应
evolution
n.进化
biologist
n.生物学家
specimen
n.标本，样本
urbanise
v.使城市化
mammal
n.哺乳动物
mice
n.老鼠
gopher
n.囊地鼠
intelligent
adj.聪明的
cognitive
adj.认知的；认识的
reflect
v.反映，反射
adjust
v.适应，调整
anatomy
n.解剖；骨骼
bold
adj.勇敢的，大胆的
threat
n.威胁，恐吓
counterpart
n.极相似的人或物
sensible
adj.明智的；合乎情理的
stress
n.压力
endocrine
adj.内分泌的；激素的
hormone
n.激素，荷尔蒙
squirrel
n.松鼠
intellectual
adj.智力的，智能的
prevalent
adj.流行的，普遍的
accustom
v.使习惯
词汇拓展
biodiversity
n.生物多样性
migration
n.移民；迁移
decline
n.v.减少；衰落
mobile
adj.移动的，不定的
endanger
v.使处于危险
predator
n.捕食者
exist
v.存在；生存
preserve
v.保护，保持，保存
feed on
以······为生
prey
n.猎物
generate
v.生产，产出
proliferate
v.扩散，激增
habitat
n.栖息地
proportion
n.比例，比重
inhabit
v.栖息；居住于
survival
n.存活，幸存
investigation
n.调查，调研
turn up
出现
metabolic
adj.新陈代谢的；变化的
wildlife
n.野生动物
疑难解析
1. Another successful species is the pigeon, because they're able to perch on ledges on the walls of city buildings， just like they once perched on cliffs by the sea.另一个最成功的物种应该是鸽子，因为它们可以像飞落栖息在海边悬崖峭壁上那样停歇在楼房的窗台上。此句中the wall在翻译时可以省略。
2. And one thing that researchers are finding especially interesting is the speed with which they're doing this-we＇re not talking about gradual evolution here - these animals are changing fast.最让研究者感到有趣的是它们（指这些动物）改变的速度。我们不是在说慢慢的进化，而是它们在飞速变化。with which引导定语从句。
3. And she found that during that time, these small mammals had experienced a jump in brain size when compared to rural mammals.而且她发现在那段时间，这些（在大城市生活的）哺乳动物的大脑尺寸比在郊外生活的哺乳动物大了很多。compare to为固定搭配。
4. So as you might expect, she's found that the urban blackbirds tend to be quite bold-they're prepared to face up to a lot of threats that would frighten away their country counterparts.因此，正如你所预期的那样，她（德国研究者 Catarina Miranda）发现在城市栖息的黑鸟胆子会更大一些。和在郊外的同类相比，它们更能面对各类威胁而不被吓跑。face up to意为“面对”。blackbird指居住在美洲的一种黑鸟，或称为黑鹂，口语中指乌鸦。
5. One possibility is that we may see completely new species developing in cities. But on the other hand, it's possible that not all of these adaptations will be permanent.一种可能性是我们可能会看到城市里进化出全新物种。但另一方面，可能并不是所有的这些变化都会持续。
